Sat, September 23, 2017 at 9:04 am GMT
DEAR KAREN.IAM HERE TO TELL YOU THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF AFRICA BEFORE COLONIAL RULE.
DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRALIZED POLITICAL SYSTEMS:
Political System of centralized Governments in African Societies were in most Bantu Speaking people after developing handscrafts, agriculture, trade and mining they expanded Societies and needed to have state organisations in families, clans, tribes and communities .They developed good divisions of labour according to age, sex, and ability with powerful leadership under chieftainship, empires and kingdoms.
North Africa
The forest States in the Equatorial climate economic centred on agriculture , trade and Industry. They grew tobacco, maize spices fruits, potatoes exported Gold, Iron ore,Ivory and Kolanuts. They imported Salt, Leather and Manufactured articles.
By the end of First Millenium A.D small political units had begun to emerge. Between thirteenth and fourteen there were States of Denkyira , Adansi, Faute and Akwam.
Creation of large
Centralized states was associated with changes in the trade from sixteenth century where forest Kingdom established long distance and Inter Regional trades across atlantic Ocean.
By mid–eighteenth century there were powerful Asante Empire under Saute people and Under leadership of Osei Tutu and Nana people had state of Itsekiri.
Image of MAJOR ROUTES OF WEST SUDAN
QUESTIONS
1.What were works of Bantu Speaking people in North Africa that made them to form centralized Societies?
2.How did these people use a good division of labour?
3.The Forest States of North Africa were Economics centres in….
4.Which states developed between 13Th .C. and 14Th .C.?
5.Mention two powerful Empires by the mid eighteenth century.
NORTH EAST AFRICA
The Early States in north Eastern Africa were Ancient Egypt,The kingdom of Nubia and Kingdom of Ethiopia.
Anciet Egypt
Archaeological evidences suggest the history of Ancient Egypt that goes as far backs as between 1500 and 500 B.C Tombs along the Nile valley showed that there were villages communities of food producers by utilizing the floods of the Nile where Wheat, Barley and Keeping livestocks made populations grow and stimulate parmanent setllements. Science and technology of controlling disasters by, actual and charms,storing knowledge on floods,solar Calender and Micro-religious consolidated authority to developments and civilizations. In 1000B.C chiefs and elders called Menes developed civil administrations. Pharaohs under Firauni as main Leader, they developed Suez Canal Irrigation and Taxes for traders who passed from Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea for their expansion of state.
The kingdom of Nubia
Nubia lay in the areas across modern Sudan,Egypt and Ethiopia .From 800B.C.Nubia developed like Egypt depending on Nile River. Nubia peoploe had no high agriculture as Egypt but they had plenty of Mineral resources such as Ivory, Ebony .Gum and Livestock. After about 1500 B.C.Imerged several states and the most poweful was Kush under Kushite people who were in Centre of Industry, Trade and Iron Working in the Capital of Napata and then shifted to Meroe. In sixteenth century kush was under Muslims and then changed to be under Christians .At the end it returned to be under Muslims.
The kingdoms of Ethiopia
Ethiopia as a plateau surrounded by arid and savannah plains with Heavy rainfall practised agriculture and also developed iron industry since it was near meroe.In 1000 A.D. Axum the capital and other towns expanded as Trade centres .They were visited by traders from Egypt, Syria, greece, Persia, India Armenia. Early expansion was made by king Ezana and declined due to Muslim attacks of between 7Th C. and 11Th C.
Other expansions by kings Theodore Menelik II,1889-1913. Addis Ababa was the capital of this Empire. Ethiopia evolved a special Orthodox church known as Koptic church under king Solomon and Queen Sheba
